Shock absorber



July 7, 1931. P. s. MORGAN 1,313,069

' SHOCK ABSORBER Original Filed May 12, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet l Mgg P. S.MORGAN SHOCK ABSORBER July 7, 1931.

Original Filed May 12, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet. 2

l @nvm/toc Y Por/er 5. Malga/7. @um V llctr,

July 7', 1931. TP. s. MORGAN SHOCK ABSORBER Original Filed May 12, 19244 Sheets-Sheet 3 mm om QW ON guna/nto@ Por/er .5. Malga/7.

mmwww July 7, 1931. P. s. MQRGAN 1,813,059'

SHOCK ABSORBER Original Filed May l2, 19,24 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 @mm2 i@Por/er .5, Morgan.

Patentedv July 7, 1931 UNITED STATES Lancet PATENT ori-ics Y .'.PORTERS. MORGAN, 0F NEW YORK, N. Y., ASS'IGNOR T0 MORGAN, BLODGETT, MORGAN,

INC., OF NEW YORK N. Y., CORPORATION GF NEW YORK SHOCK ABSORBERApplication led May 12, 1924, Serial No.v712,526. Renewed October 5,1925.

showing the absorber attached to the automobile frame or body andoperatively connected with the axle or running-gear ,Figure 2 is a'front elevation of the absorber casing; Figure 3 is a vertical sectiontaken through the absorber on the line 3 3 in Figure 5; Figure 4 is atransverse section taken on the 'line 4 4 in Figure 2; Figure 5 is atransverse section taken on line 5 5 in Figure 3, but leaving certainparts in elevation; Figure 6 shows the piston and associated cam membersin proper relative position; and Figure 7 shows these membersdisassembled and separated from one another.

Referring to Figure 1, the absorber proper is adapted to be firmlysecured to the automobile body or frame 10 in any usual manner, as bybolts 11. The operative connectionv between the absorber and therunning-gear comprises the oscillatory arm 12, the pitman 13 and theclamp member 14 arranged for attachment to the axle 15. In practice theconnections between the pitman 13, the armv 12 and the clamp member 14are of the uni- A versal type to permit proper freedom in all atingparts of the absorber are housed withinV the casing 16. Centrally fixedwithin the casing is the annular double or two-faced cam 2O screwed intothe back of the casing 16.

The double cam 17 is secured against rota-l i tive movement by marginalpins 21 (Figures 3 and 4) which, rmly fixed in the circumferential lip18, fit through recesses 22 (Figures 6 and 7) formed in the edge of thecam 17 and project into apertures formed in the edge of the cup cylinder19.

Thus the double cam 17, the-cup cylinder 19, and the absorber casing16,'are positively interlocked against all relative movement.

Adapted for rotative and longitudinal movement within the cup cylinder19 is the annular cam piston 23 (Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7) whereof theperipheral margin facing the cam 17 is shaped in symmetrical hills anddales contacting and corresponding in conformation with adjacent hillsand'dales of the cam 17.

The central body portion of the piston 23 is tubular in shape (Figures7, 4 and 6), passes through the central opening of the annular cam 17,and is provided at its end with a pair of segmental lugs 25. These lugsconstitute positioning members for the secondary cam member 26, whereofthe peripheral margin facing the cam 17 is also shaped in symmetricalhills and dales contacting and corresponding in conformation withadjacent hills and dales of the cam 17, which thus lies between the camsurfaces of the piston 23 and the cam surfaces ofthe secondary cammember 26.

rlChe secondary cam member 26 is rigidly secured to and made operativelyintegral with the piston 23 by pinning the member 26 to the lugs 25 withdowel pins 27 passed radially through the wall of the cam member intothe lugs.

. The relative position of the parts is such that rotary movement of thepiston 23 and itsy secondary cam member 26 causes simultaneouslongitudinal movement of the piston and secondary cam member, for whenthe cam hills of the piston 23 are crest-to-crest with the adjacent camhills of the fixed cam 17 the cam hills on the opposite face of thefixed cam 17 are in opposite relation, crest-to-dale, to those of thesecondary cam member 26. Conversely, when the cam hills of the secondarycam member 26 are crest-to-crest with their adjacent cam hills of thefixed cam 17, the cam surfaces of the piston 23 are in crestpiston23 andthe secondary cam lmember 26,A

tor-dale position relative to the corresponding cam surfaces ofthe cam17. The conformation of the cam surfaces 4is such that Whenthe arerotated relatively to the liXed double cam 1 117, the cam surfacesreina-inin `consta-ntf con-- tact with 'each' other,l causing? thepistoni and secondary cam member to move axially rela-y tivelyto thefixed cani during such rotation.

Axially" positioned Withinv and through' the annular piston23',the fixedcam 17,' and the* secondary cam member 26, is the oscillatory spindle28. The inner endof'thespiiidle'Q'S" passing through the centralapex-'turef ofv the;

piston 23 is bored'tol surround and bear upon a centralv bearing. post-24=projecting trom the interior bottom; of the' cupcylinder' 19'. f Theouter portion ofthezspindlea28" is jou-i-*ngaled-A in and-projectsthrough the casing/16, where? an internally threaded collar 29 admits anannui lar-packing.' gland 30 'to compress' suitable packing .31vr into'leakage-preventing grin-wes,

cut upon-the spindle.

Midway or its tengen the-Spindle es is enlarged to forni e flat-"sidedkey 32 adapted to:

fit (see Figures 3, o and 7) between the `oppo-1 site flat portions etthe-'segmentallugs 25', so that as the spindle' 28,v Witlr its' lrey32,- is yois-p ei'llatecl, theseoondary eem member ilo-'and [the pistoni23 are oscillated by' and within,-

but may move longitudinally Witli:` relation ftoit... e Y

ofthe spindle-128 (Fig 41) 'surround'in 'es drilled unereenough toeeuu-eet nini 1 {Tlie circumferential trail of. tlieboredend Y g bearingpost-24 has vone or' more radlal holes gitudinel grooves azi-:eut in thespindle, torni-z ing passagiers running pastftlie bearing post y 4d 24and eonvergingi inthe `mein axial pessagev Ypassage3o.? Tire stemVV 37passes; through Y suitable peeking-out oi enepast tlie of f tlre spindle28,- where it nitty be turned to any 'etv Y spindle being shown taperedand grooved to poin'tfdesi-r'ed as indicated by the -p inter' 39(Figures 2, 4 shaped to turn Vvvviththesteru37.y N 'p y Y Y The threadedpecking collar 290i the ees:

ing lo (Figure e and 5)' is surroundedby and forms' aj bearing for thenube() oi the oscila latin'g operatingarnfi 12',- su-i'table packingbe;V

ing provided to prevent leakage between the collar and the hub.Referring to Figure 5,

the hun 440V also* surrounds and interi-oaks! with the 4enel o'fitlie.spindle as projeeting through Vt-lie easing 16, this portion oi tne titand' adjustably to leek with tlie correspondingly shaped centralaperture oi the hub-io.A The -liubieo is held in positionvv by a looknut Vshown closed by the plug 50"(Figure 2 the 41 threaded upon theeXtremev endof the Vspindle 28.

- Referring to the upper left-hand portion of Figure 5, through-thetvallof the cup cylinder 19 a'passage 42 leads from the interior of ythe .cup'cylinder past. vthe'4 ball ,Y check 43, th-'rougli-*the-'passage 44,tothe main interior of the casing 16. Y Y

The opposite Wall of the cup'cylinder 19 is similarly pierced by'-another` passage- "45 Which leads" from the interior ofV the cupcylinder `19,'past the ball check' 46, through the'orifice 47. also intothe main interior of The ball check 46 is spring-pressed to its seat,-'ad-justment of spring-pressure '-,b-eing provi-'ded by. a threadedplugv 481 accessible from the exterior' of the" absorber casing; bythe-removal of the nut 49'.4` '-5.1 Y operation, the v,absorber is*charged. with a"Ysul-itble"rliqI-ii'd, such as o il, WhichInay"l`oe'\,1v introduced th-rough a usu-jal filling openin'g' In the"present 'specilic embodiment the relation of the parts is such that-oilInay'actV not only asy aliydraulic' agent to govern the operation ofthevdevice, but also as a lubricant between relati-vely moving parts.vIniFigur'es 1- to 5vv inclusive the absorberl issl'ovvIi-inv what maybeV cal-led normal posi? tion s' i.v e., approxi-mately such a positionas itV should occupy' When the c'ar is not in motion',

yor vvhenf itisv moving kupon anv absolutely klevel surface. Y n y'Whe-n, response to road irregularities', the axle 1-5 rises from itsnormal' position toward'` .the frame-10,'tlie resultant upward movementof thepitmanV 13 turns the absorber arm 12 inl a clockwise direction,resulting 'in asimilarrotative vrliovenie,ntof the piston 23 andthesecondary ca'in-v lmember 26. Referringto Figure '5, Vthe crests of thecam hills of lthe In'e'inberV 26 lnovv approach the corresponding crestsof the iixed cam 17 Simultaneously the crests/of the 'cam hills of thep'istoii'23v commence-theirdescent into thel dla-les" Vvbe!" tween thecorresponding calin-.hills of the fixed @afin-17. y .i f "s Y. 'fInf-this .manner the oscillatory movenient of the 12ina3'oloekwisedireetionresults in the longitudinal movement of the-piston 23- tovvardthe yfixed cam 17. .I This motion' ol'ithev piston 23- 'draws oilvvfreely past the ballcheck 43 through-'the kpas-- sage 42 into the spacecreated baclrof the piston-,1 no resistance being opposed 'to thesemovements@ l. D

When, however, under' the inluenceoi2 the reooi-li-ng yvehicle spring,tlre vabsorber erin-i2 is -nioved in 'the opposite direction,i.'e.`,'eounV ter-clockwise,- the resultant opposite opera,- t-ionof-theceinsurfaces thrusts the piston 23" away from the' fixed cam 17and this-move-` ment of the rpiston'isgresisted by the o'i'l-'nov'v1imprisoned by the closure oft-he ball val-ve 43.y

ties the axle 15 drops downwardly, away from its normal position,causing the absorber arm 12-to'move downwardly from its normal position,in a counter-clockwise direction, there is no resistance to vthismotion. Again the relative movement of the cam surfaces causes thepiston 23 to approach the yfixed cam 17,

., drawing oil after it through the inwardly opening ball check 43. Butwhen the abnormally separated axle and frame begin their returnmovement, the piston 23 again retreats from the fixed cam 17, resistedby the oil behind it until the parts yhave again reached their normalposition.

Upward ymovements of the axle 15 from its normal position are causedprimarily by hummocks or obstructions in the roadway over which thevehicle is traveling. It is desirable that in passing over such hummocksthe axle should be permitted to approach the body or frame substantiallywithout other resistance than that interposed by the vehiclef-vj'spring. The absorber, resisting the opposite return movement, dampsthe spring recoiland prevents the undersirable toss which otherwiseresults.

Downward movements of the axle 15 away from its 'normal position arecaused primarily by hollows or holes in the roadway over which thevehicle is traveling. It is desirable that in traversing suchholes orhollows the axleV should be allowed to drop freely away from the bodywithout material resistance. The absorber, resisting thereturn movementof the approaching body and axle prevents `the undesirable fallingmovement of the body that otherwise would result. Testsappear toindicate that hollows or holes in the :roadway result in much moreviolent jolts to the vehicle body than do hummocks or obstructions. Whena hollow in the roadway permits the axle to drop away from its normalsupporting position, the vehicle body, lacking its usual degree ofspring support, begins a downward falling movement which gains forcewithits momentum. This falling movement the present absorber resists,thereby tending to permit the axle to fall freely away from the body,while preventing a similar following movement of the body. Oftentimes,however, a hollow or hole in the roadway is so shaped as to subject theaxle toa sudden drop quickly followed by an equally sudden upwardmovement. In instances of this kind the absorber resists not only thenormal tendency of the vehicle body in its falling movement toward theaxle, but also the violent upward thrust exerted upon the axle beforethe axle and body have reached their normal relative position. Theresistance of the absorber to these sudden combined forces may result,unless relieved, in transmitting a jolt to the vehicle. To prevent theseor other violent jolts, the auxiliary outlet governed by thespringpressed ball check i6 is provided whereby such unusual pressuresmay be relieved' otherwise than through the restricted passages 33, 34,35 and 36.

Vhile, under ordinary circumstances, the extreme possible movements ofthe axle and body toward or away from each other do not occur, it isnevertheless desirable to damp or resist such extreme movments toprevent collision of the axle with the body, and to prevent dropping ofthe axle away from the body to a point whereits full weight is sustainedby the springs alone. In the present embodiment such damping of extrememovements is effected by the inter-action of the cam elements of thefixed cam 17 and the piston 23; for while the limits of ordinaryrelative movement between the body and axle away from their normalrelative position, in either direction, bring the cam elements only intosuch position that the crestrof each cam hill of themembers 17 and 23rests in the bottom of each corresponding dale, further (i. e. extreme)continued movement causes these cam hills to commence an ascendingmovement resulting in renewed compressing action of the piston 23, and aconsequent hydraulicV resistance thereto.

In this manner the body or frame and the axle cannot be forced intocollision without an intervening cushioning resistance, nor can the axledrop away from the body to the full dist'ention of the springs withoutan intervening supporting action.

The absorber herein described is peculiarly adapted to withstand allpressures, light or heavy, in that the piston 23 and spindle 28 are soarranged that the piston may move longitudinally relative to thespindle, the longitudinal thrust exerted on the piston by the pressuresbuilt up when the absorber is subjected to shocks being taken directlyby the casing, and not being transmitted to the spindle.

IVhen the shock absorber is first put in use, or when new oil isintroduced, or, occasionally during the ordinary operation of theobsorber, small quantities of air may find their way into the space backof the piston and, unless eliminated, may tend to impair the op` erationof the instrument. It will be noted, by reference to Figures 1 and 5,that when the absorber is in operative position, the pas- Y shockabsorberl is'toholdthe bodyotlie vehicle-at a constant'distance fromthermes-n planev oli the roadway while permitting the' running-gear tofollow the varyingroad con-v tours. To this Vend -itchas sometimes beenVsupposed that all recoil:'moveinents,.however minute, should be resistedor checkedi Practically, however, it hasbeenfoundvadvantageous topermity a certain range ounrestrioted movement in bothV directions bythe axle and body. relative to each other. Vibrations of the vehiclespring consequent upon slight virregulatities of the'roadway do not,s'tiness or vibration' in the action l of the ve-r usually result inundesirable*movements-of; j the vehicle body, while an absorberjwhichacts vto damp these.inconsiderab'le movements Vorfri-pples maycontrib-ute'to an apparent hicle.y 1

j To'l provide freedom of spring action witli'-Y `ina reasonable range.upon bothv sides oi? the theoretical norm, the crests orthe'absorberCam hills are somewhat truncated, and the: ciales/correspondinglyflattened', to permit a degree of relative rotationV of the pistonwithv` K 2'5"V ontv causing material longitudinal move-y ment thereof,andy consequently'witliout causing displacement of the fluid.

Thus in the present embodiment, while the ellect of considerableobstructions and. de'- pressions in the roadway is compensated by the'absorber to prevent undersirable movements of the vehicle body,tlie'vehicle springs i and the body are lett free to respond to and rsftake up inconsequential irregularities inthe:

contour of the road.

t will be observed that due to the foon` ystruction ofr the ,cams andpiston; described i-v d p Y f position for connection to the vehicle ateither hereinftlie oscillatory arm l2 may, if desired, befrotatedthrough`a circle of't() degrees, and that it may beset. in normal .operative'of twopoints spaced 180 degrees apart.-k This feature is oi"- practicalvalu-e in instellingen attaching the absorber in that-the samenbsorbermay be attacliedeither to theI right or left side of tlievehicle,r andwill Aiunction properly oneither side.

' The invention is not limited to` the specific; Vhereinbefore der-`illustrative embodiment:

scribed. y

'Claims'm i l.Y A hydraulicsliock absorber for springe' -supportedvehicles comprising in-c'om-binaf `tion means for attaching thebody ofthe fl absorber p to i onel ot :two l,relatively' movable:

' camsurfa'ces posi supp"ort-'od vehicles :comprising in coi-J isisgoooi-ng a normal 'iiii-termeliaiseY vpositie perf atively connecting: the'absorber to the other of said partsof the vehicle, a piston- "operatedby said' annand provided witlicam sdrfeces, a supplementary 'cani memberintegral. :with said. piston, 'a double scam. having opposed Ancdzbotvvieon-and'inconf tactwitli the cam surfaces or said pistonlandsaid. supplementary cani member-inf suoli manner that rotation 'of saidpstonresultsii longitudinal movement thereof in accordance with/thedirection andextont of rotation, a cylinder 'wherjein said pistonpisadaptodi to operato to compress iliiid witlii aid cylinderwlieirsaid.arm` moves rtoward its said i'ioi'-'irna',l intermediateposition in either direction, means adjustable to'perinitandrrestrict'tlie flow of' Huid when lso Compressed, 'and' aint`i'liaryfmeans to" relieve oimpression` extraordinary `forces aretransmitted. to the' absorber.. f 7" f.

2'.l A hydraiilicaslioclr alisorlocr'for: sprl. g1 bine tion means-'forattachingthe' body of "he ab sorber toonoof tworelatively in'ovaloloparte of die vehicle', an oscillatory anni; having o normal intermediatepcsitiomfoperatively connecting die abscrloertotlie othcroi saidpart-stof the vehic'le,` a piston operated said arm and Yprovided with'cainsiir'facos, supplementarylcam! member integral Ywitlg isaidpiste11",!` a double; cani having' opposed calm surface positioned-'betwee'n-Y and con# tact with theca'n surfaces osai'd piston and saidsupplementary camyinoiiiber inisocli manner that. rotationoffsaidf-piston .its in longitudinal movement thereof accord#- ance withthey directionv andoxteiitf 'oirY rotatiomacyliiidor whereiny saidpistonqisadapteA col-to operate to' compress fluid within said-2 normalintermediate lposition cithcr'ridireo# tion', and' means ,ady

'tionineons iorattachiiigtho body 'of the alosorter to vone of two'relatively movableparte of the vehicle','anrosci-llatory armi, havinganormal intermediate posi-tion, ope'rativelyV connecting the absorber totY .e--otli'er of safiid parts o'tho.. 4shield.. pistoncofo-per tivi-5-with saidharln'g-a Ycylinder-wlier-ein sa=ifdlpiston is adapted to#operate Lto compress l' stable-'to permit-and restrictthe mit'ted tothe-absorber;- 1

4; A hydraulic shock absorber for springsupported vehicles comprising incombination means for attaching the body of the absorber-toene of tworelatively movable parts ofthe vehicle, an oscillatory arm, having anormal intermediate position, operatively connecting the absorber to theother of said parts of the vehicle, a piston co-operative with said arm,a cylinder wherein said piston is adapted to roperate to compress fluid,means adjustable to permit'and restrict the flow of Huid when socompressed, and doubleacting cam means co-operative with said piston andadapted to cause a compression movement of said piston within saidcylinder when said arm moves toward its said normal intermediateposition from either side thereof. A i I 5; Ahydraulic shock absorberfor springsupported vehicles comprising 'in combinationV means forattaching the body of the absorbery to one of two yrelatively movablevehicle parts having a normal relative position, means having acorresponding normal intermediate position operatively connecting theabsorber to the other of said vehicle parts, fluid-compression meansco-operative with said last-named means, means adjustable to permit andcontrol the movement of compressed uid, and double-acting cam means.co-operative with said fluid-compression means 'whereby compressingaction of said fluid-compression means is consequent' upon relativemovementfof said movable vehicle parts toward their normal relativeposi-` tion. in either direction.

v 6. A hydraulic shock absorber for springsupported vehicles comprisingin combination means foroperatively interconnecting the absorber .withtwo relatively movable vehicle parts having a normal relative position,Huid-compression means co-operative with said last-named means, cammeans co-opf erative with said4 duid-compression means whereby-relative.movement .of said vehicle partsitoward their normal relative position ineither. direction actuates said Huid-compression means to retardsaidmovement, and

means to adjust the degree of retarding action.

Y 7. A hydraulic shock absorber for springsupported vehicles comprisingin combina- ,8. A hydraulic shock absorber for springsupported vehiclescomprising in combination means 'for operatively interconnecting theabsorber with two relatively movable vehicle parts having a normalrelative position, means cooperative with said last-named means adaptedto resist relative movements of said parts in either direction towardsaid normal position but to allow relatively free movements of saidparts away from said position, and auxiliary relief means to reduceresistance when extraordinary forces are transmitted to the absorber.

9. A hydraulic shock absorber for springsupported vehicles comprising incombination means for operatively interconnecting the absorber with tworelatively movable vehicle parts having a normal relative position,fluid-compression means cooperative with said last-named means, meansadjustable -to permit and control the movement of compressed fluid, cammeans cooperative with said :fluid compression means whereby compressingaction thereof is caused upon relative movement of said vehicle partstoward their normal relative position in either direction, and means forresisting extreme movements of said vehicle parts away from their normalrelative position.

10. A hydraulic shock absorber for springsupported vehicles comprisingin combination means for operatively interconnecting the absorber withtwo relatively movable vehicle parts having a normal relative position,fiuid compression means cooperative with said last-named means, meanscooperative with said Huid compression means whereby compressing actionthereof is caused upon relative movement of said vehicle parts towardtheir normal relative position in either direction, and means forresisting extreme movements of said vehicle parts away from their normalrelative position.

j 11. A hydraulic shock absorber [or springsupported vehicles comprisingin combination means for operatively interconnecting the absorber withtwo relatively movable vehicle par-ts having a normal relative position,means operative upon relative movement of said vehicle parts in eitherdirection toward their normal position to retard said movement, meansoperative upon relative movement of said vehicle parts in eitherdirection away from their normal position to free said last-namedmovement, and means operative upon the close approach of said vehicleparts to retard further approaching movement,

l2. ln al hydraulic shock absorber for spring-supported vehicles, incombination, a casing, means for attaching said casmg'to one of tworelatively movable parts of the vehicle, a piston in said casingdividing the same into two compartments, means providing passagesconnecting said compartments,

and 'means' fortconnecting said 'piston Vto-fthe V otherofsai'drelatively movable'partsada'pt` ed, inst, tocause movement-ofsaid piston in one direction, and VthenI to cause'. movement of saidpiston-in theopposite'direction upon 'continued movemento'f saidrelatively'movl able parts in either ldirectionfavvayefrom normalpositionfand to. cause corresponding I Y said: relatively movable parts'inf either kvdirec.-y

respective .movements .of said piston :in 'fop-1 Y posite-"dire'ctions1lipon 'return movement. ot'

. tion toward normalposition' t :i

' 18,5111 a hydraulic Shock atentar les spring-supported' vehicles, incombination,

a casing, means .for attachingfsaid casing to *oneV of vtv vofrelativelymovable-partsof hicle; a` piston g in said-'casing s dividingthe, same mtotvvo compartments, means permit' ting substantiallyfree-movement ofsaid pis.-

ton in one direction'and forcansingretarded movement'of said pistoninthe opposite'direction,A and means/for connecting ton to the: other ofsaid relativelyfmovable parts adapted to canse" movementv of saidpiston,first, inits free direction and then :in its restricted direction upon'continued `:movement Voi said relatively movable parts Vin 'eitherdirection avvay from normal `position and to canse movement'of'sasidpiston, Vrst,

fin its free :direction and'then inits're'tarded direction uponreturnloffsai d' relatively 'mov-` ab'leipartsin either direction towardnormal pOS-)o'n i. 1145 A hydraulic shockabsorberifor spring supportedvehicles, .-compr-isingfin combination, means for operatively1^inter'connect- Y ing theil'absorbe'r vvithirtvvo relatively'ffn'roivrablev Avehicle parts having anormal -relative position, vmeansvorresisting V:relative mov -v ment betWeenLs'aidf vehicles. "parts,means-ror Vrelievin'gf'said resistance when extraordinary force isAapplied tofthez' absorber`,and n riefansl Yoperative 'np'on" thecloseapproach'fof Vfsa'icl" vehicle parts to resist further 'approachingmovement Yto prevent' the iforcellulf meeting thereof- I I l fihydranlicfshock supported vehicles, comprising, 'inzfcombinaj tion, v Ineansl Vfor "operatively interconnecting the @absorber withz :two:relatively movable vehicle parts having a-'normalrelatlve posif' "tion,means Tffcr resistingrelative movement between 'said vehicle zparts,means nfor relieving .said resistance when extraordinary forceA isIapplied to the absorber, andmeansfoper- Yative to cushion and 'resist'eXtreme-separa! tionv of said movable Yvehicleparts:y f

16, A.-liylranlic shock absorberf'lorwsprmgf' supportedi vehicles,comprising, in -co1nbination,' neansnfor operatively interconneet` Aing'the absorber' withV .two :relativelyv lmov-aA able vehicle partshaving'a normal *relative 'i i F65 position, :means for Vresisting relative`Tnovement Y between said l vehicle partsg-:means for;

permitting a'substantially :tree .relative move;

l approachff'said:parts;' 'la im' ments of .said partsofvera'limitedrangein either .directionV rboth towardand away from'normal relative position, means for reliev# ing resistance' tofrelativevlmovements .osaid parts .when extraordinary forces are'exerted 'f y uponthe absorber, andlmean's to kcushion the-:close .approach of saidvehicle parts. f

' f 17. YAlhyclraulic shock vabsorber for springsupported vehiclescompri-sing, in sonaba" v nation, 'means gforfoperatively.intereonnectingthegabsorb'er with two relatively mov; ablevehicle partshaving a normal relative position, means for lresisting 'relative move#ment :between said :vehicle parte; means/fm permit substantially free'.relative movements offsaid Y parts through a limitedrangve :bothdirections "t-ovv'ard and away from. normal relative position, means forrelieving-*meti ance; to "relative movements of'..sail Apartswhenfextrardinary tonces are Lexentei'lupon the absorber, vand means'jto cushion. amd me:

sist eXtrem-e separation lof movablev parts.- 1 18. A 'shock absorber:for

@meegenomen vehicles, comprising, intcolirbinatio-,meams mal position,and meaznslto` slniontheclnsle 19.; Aishock absorber *lier for`operative-ly interconnecting. 'tlieabselber .With itvvo relativelymovable parte having: normal v relative *to* .resisty relative 'movementfof -lsaidy-pazrtsf.-

either .direbtionftowand :said'norrrialrpos-'rtim-,v- 'buttoallowfrelatively'-'reefmwemirt :of said Eparts in either zdirectionlfway*trom-sardi position,"means to 'lallolvv 'relativelyfree.'moveiz of said4movable parts:

. 20.4v hydraulic shock supported vehicles, `compris`ing', m` combinaieY ma." the absorber vv/ith 'tv'vo relatively movableV parts, having -anormal. relativepositin,

tion, means for operativelyinterconnect meansV .cooperative j 'vvtlr.said lastk lnamed means to` resist .relative movement #oat .said

meansV for relieving ;nesistancegto gelatine' movement between saidparts when sbj-ected vehicles, lcompmsmg;

lr'nent between saifdffparts'through .a 1

. range-'i .eitherv direetonfboth away from said .normal position, andmeans Y to'. cii'shion and resist the -extreme separation parts lineither direction toward ,.sai'dnormal, position,- .but to allowrelativelyree-znovve-v ment fof said parts a-.Wayirom said gpositi'ongfto extraordinary forces, and means to cushion the close approach of saidparts.

2l. A hydraulic shock absorber for spring supported vehicles,comprising, in combination, means for operatively interconnecting theabsorber with two relatively movable vehicle parts having a normalrelative position, means cooperative with said last named means toresist relative movement of said parts in either direction toward saidnormal position, but to allow relatively free movement of said partsaway from said position, means for relieving resistance to relativemovement between said parts when subjected to extraordinary forces, andmeans to cushion and resist the extreme separation of said parts.

22. A hydraulic shock absorber for spring supported vehicles,comprising, in combination, means for operatively interconnecting theabsorber with two relatively movable vehicle parts having a normalrelative position, means cooperative with said last named means to allowrelatively free movement of said parts away from said normal positionbut to resist return movement of said parts in a direction toward saidnormal position, means for relieving the resistance to relative movementof said parts when subjected to extraordinary forces, and means tocushion the close approach of said parts.

23. A hydraulic shock absorber for spring supported vehicles,comprising, in combination, means for operatively interconnecting theabsorber with two relatively movable vehicle parts having a normalrelative position, means cooperative with said last named means to allowrelatively free movement of saidparts away from said normal position butto resist return movement of said parts in a direction toward saidnormal position, means for relieving the resistance to relativemovement' of said parts when subjected n to extraordinary forces, andmeans to cushion and resist the extremey separation ofV said parts.

24. A shock absorber for spring supported vehicles, comprising, incombination, means for operatively interconnecting the absorber with tworelatively movable vehicle parts having a normal relative` position,means cooperativewith said last named means to re-V sist relativemovementof said parts 1n either allow relatively free movement of saidparts away from said position, and means to cushion and resist theextreme separation of said parts.

26. A hydraulic shock absorber for spring supported vehicles,comprising, in combination, a casing, a piston in said casing adapted tomove relatively thereto, means whereby movement of said piston in onedirection between given points is resisted and movement in the oppositedirection between said points is unresisted, and means for connectingsaid casing and piston to two relatively movable vehicles parts having anormal relative position, adapted to cause said resisted movement ofsaid piston upon extreme separation of said vehicle parts.

27. A hydraulic shock absorber for spring supported vehicles,comprising, in combination, a casing, a piston in said casing adapted tomove relatively thereto, means whereby movement of said piston in onedirection between given points is resisted and movement in the oppositedirection between said points is unresisted, and means for connectingsaid casing and piston to two relatively movable vehicle parts having anormal relative position, adapted to permit said unresisted movement ofsaid piston upon initial relative movement of said vehicle parts ineither direction away from normal position, but to cause said resistedmovement of said piston upon continued or extreme movement of saidvehicle parts in either direction away from normal position, and topermit said unresisted movement of said piston during initial returnmovement followed by said resisted movement of said piston uponcontinued return movement to normal position.

28. A shock absorber tor spring supported vehicles, comprising, incombination, two relatively movable parts, means to resist relativemovement of said parts in one direction between given points but topermit unresisted relative movement of said parts in another directionbetween said points, and means for connecting -said relatively movableparts to two relatively movable vehicle parts having a normal relativeposition, adapted to permit said unresisted movement of said parts uponinitial relative movement of said vehicle parts in either direction awayfrom normal position, but to cause said resisted movement of said partsupon continued or extreme movement of said vehicle parts in eitherdirection away from normal position, and to permit -said unresistedmovement of said parts during initial return movement followed by saidresisted movement ot said parts upon continued return movement to normalposition.

29. A hydraulic shock absorber for spring supported vehicles,comprising, in combination, means for operatively interconnecting theabsorber with two relatively movable vehicle parts having a normalrelative position,

means Qoopenzutme with, said laat 'named means 'LQ reslst relaztlvemvemant'ofsanld pants in i-ther direction toward Said 11193111211 namet0 I*this foy PORTERSMORGANQ n f Y

